HIV is a virus that weakens the immune system by reducing CD4 white blood cells, leading to immune deficiency. According to a 2023 WHO report, HIV has caused 40.4 million deaths globally. Last year, there were 39 million people living with HIV worldwide, with 1.3 million new infections. In Thailand, data from the Department of Disease Control in 2023 estimates 580,000 people are living with HIV, with 12,000 deaths and 9,100 new infections. Dr. Ploenpit Tantajina, an Infectious Disease Specialist at Bangkok Hospital Hua Hin, shares that the symptoms of HIV infection are divided into 3 stages: Stage 1: Acute HIV Infection  This stage occurs 2 to 4 weeks after contracting the virus. Patients often experience “flu-like symptoms” such as fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, and body rash. These symptoms can last a few days to several weeks and may be hard to differentiate from other illnesses. Some people may not show any symptoms at all. It is recommended to consult a doctor and confirm with a blood test. Stage 2: Chronic HIV Infection  During this stage, most people with HIV show no symptoms, but the virus continues to replicate and gradually destroy CD4 white blood cells. This stage can last for several years, depending on the individual. Without treatment, the immune system weakens, making the person more susceptible to illness. Stage 3: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)  In this stage, the CD4 white blood cell count drops below 200 cells per cubic millimeter. Patients are at increased risk of opportunistic infections, such as tuberculosis, fungal infections of the meninges, and pneumonia. Without antiretroviral treatment, the risk of death significantly increases. Transmission: HIV can be transmitted through blood, semen, vaginal fluids, penile fluids, rectal fluids, and breast milk. Risky behaviors that can lead to HIV infection include having unprotected sex and sharing sharp objects with an infected person, such as needles, tattoo needles, razors, nail clippers, and piercing equipment. Additionally, contact with the blood or bodily fluids of an HIV-infected person through mucous membranes or open skin can also pose a risk. Prevention: HIV can be prevented by – Using condoms during every sexual encounter – Avoiding sharing needles with others – Taking PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis) and PEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis) under a doctor’s guidance. PrEP:  PrEP is an antiviral medication that helps prevent HIV infection before exposure. It should be taken daily, once a day. Those who may benefit from PrEP include individuals who have sex with HIV-positive partners, especially if their partner’s viral load is unknown or still detectable. It is also suitable for people who do not consistently use condoms, those who are regularly at risk of HIV infection, and those who frequently use PEP. PEP: PEP is an antiviral medication used to prevent HIV infection after potential exposure. It must be taken within 72 hours of the risk, such as condom failure or unprotected sex with an HIV-positive individual. PEP should be taken continuously for 28 days. Treatment:  After confirming an HIV infection, doctors will prescribe antiviral medication to control the virus and prevent it from multiplying. This treatment helps increase the CD4 white blood cell count, improving the patient’s immune system. Starting treatment early, while the CD4 count is still relatively high, can further reduce the risk of complications.  “If you are at risk or concerned about HIV infection, you should consult a doctor to assess your risk, get tested, and receive guidance on appropriate prevention methods. Most patients do not show symptoms, so early detection allows for prompt treatment and helps prevent the transmission of the virus to your loved ones.” Dr. Ploenpit concluded. ************************************************************************** Scan QR Code : LINE OA : BHN Safe Love, to consult with our specialist doctor / booking an appointment, or click here to add >> https://lin.ee/XXEhyqT ************************************************************************** Tel. 032-616-800 Call Center, Bangkok Hospital Hua Hin Tel: 032-616-880 (7.00 – 19.00 hrs.) Out-Patient Department, ground floor News & Information >> Line ID : @bangkokhuahin